Mosque in China
A
mosque is a place in which Muslims perform religious tasks, carry on Dah 'wa
(preaching), propagate Islamic culture and hold Islamic education sessions.
With the spread and development of Islam in China, Mosques began toappear
in places where Chinese Muslims were concentrated in the Tang and Song
dynasties. Muslims first reached the seacoast areas, and there are four
ancient mosques there:The Huaisheng Mosque in Guangzhou the Qingjing Mosque
in Quanzhou, he Xianheng Mosque in Yangzhou and the Fengh1lang Mosque in
HangzhOIl-A1l thesemosques were bunt during the Tang and Song dynasties, and
are precious heritages of the world-famous "Silk Road" on the sea.
Over 1,300years ago, a large number of Arabic and Persian businessmen
settled m Guangzhou and other places along the seacoast of China. They lived
in compact communities, and did business with local people-They stayed there
for so long that they did not want to go back. They cultivated the land,
married local women and raised children. The next generation formed a
special group which believed in Islam. While accepting traditional Chinese
culture, they followed the Islamic Shariah and built Islamic communities
revolving around mosques-This created the conditions for Islam to spread and
develop in China. Another
route for Islam to spread to the east was the "Silk Road" over
land. From the Song Dynasty on, the economy and politics achieved tremendous
development in China’s inland cities, such as Xi 'an Beijing,
Kaifeng and Jinan. Because of the need for business development, Muslims
began to move inland from the coastal areas. According to textual research,
the Niujie Mosque was built in 996A.D. Build in typical Chinese style, this
mosque was one of the first to be constructed in the north of China. With a
palatial building structure of brick and wood, the mosque has the features
of both centralization and symmetry architecture. The designs for the prayer
hall's walls, pillars and decoration on the doors and windows fully embody
Arab Islamic art characteristics. In this mosque, to the east of Nanjiang
Hall, there is a small Yard
in which there are two ancient tombs in which two sheiks from Central Asia
are buried. They made great contributions to the spread of Islam
in China. They were the representatives of the long-time friendship between
Chinese and overseas Muslims. People who have been to the Niujie Mosque
highly appreciate its elegant architecture and its precious
historical value. Xian is one of the six ancient capitals of China. It
is famous for its terracotta warriors and horses of the Qin Dynasty, the
Imperial Tombs of the Qin Dynasty ,and many other world-class historical
relics. It is also noted for the Hua Jue Xiang Mosque, built in the Tang
Dynasty. This is a huge group of buildings in the form of
a Chinese courtyard structure, with a built-up area of l2,000 square meters.
The mosque is composed of four courtyards made in the traditional Chinese
pattern. Arabic inscriptions of verses from the Qu'ran are carved elegantly on the
wooden walls of the main prayer hall. Like the above, there are many mosques
over 1,000 years old in China, such as the Botou Mosque in Hebei Province,
Qingzhou Mosque in Shandong Province, Dongda Mosque in Jinan City, Shandong
Province, Taiyuan Mosque in Shanxi Province, Dongsi Mosque in Beijing,
Xiguan Mosque in Lanzhou City, Gansu Province, Dongguan Mosque in Xining
City, Gansu Province, and Tongxin Mosque in the Ninxia Hui Autonomous
Region. All of these mosques have different architectural styles,
representing Chinese classical mosque building styles. Being within the
territory of China and influenced by the culture of Central Asia, the
mosques in the xinjang Uygur Autonomous Region bear the features of Central
Asian Islamic architecture, such as dome, broad square and minaret The
famous Eidkah Mosque in Kashgar, and the kuche and Sugong mosques in Turfan
are typical examples of this. In
the past 20 years, a batch of new mosques and Islamic institutes have been
designed and built with the support
and care of the relevant government departments. They include the Beijing
Islamic Institute, Xinjiang Islamic Institute and Ningxia Islamic Institute. Today,
there are over 30,000 mosques in Muslim communities scattered all over
China. With the constant development of society and the economy, the living
standard of the Muslim population has improved tremendously. From the
architectural form to the inside decoration materials and sanitary
equipment, the building of mosques in China has developed to a high level. 揚州普哈丁陵園 Puhading
Cemetery in Yangzhou Islamic Education Historical Contribution 10 minority Groups believing in Islam |
最後更新日期:2001年11月21日